SPRAXXX_PHASE_1_MULTILINGUAL_EVIDENCE_TABLE_V1.1.pi
Published 2026-05-29T01:28:00Z UTC by Jacques / SPRAXXX
SPRAXXX_PHASE_1_MULTILINGUAL_EVIDENCE_TABLE_V1.1.pi
TITLE
Phase 1 Multilingual Evidence Table — Expansion Pass 1 Cornwall / SDG / Glengarry / St. Lawrence Corridor
STATUS
Draft. Evidence-first. No invented wording. Original language preserved where confirmed.
TABLE ADDITIONS
1. INDIGENOUS / KANIENʼKÉHA
Original / Term: Kanienʼkehá:ka
Working Translation: Mohawk people / People of the Flint
Context: Akwesasne states that long before Europeans arrived, the Kanienʼkehá:ka lived and thrived in the St. Lawrence River Valley.
Source Credit: Mohawk Council of Akwesasne — “Our Community”
Confidence: HIGH
2. INDIGENOUS / KANIENʼKÉHA
Original / Term: Kaniatarowanenneh
Working Translation: Big waterway / great waterway
Context: Used as a Mohawk / Kanienʼkéha name for the St. Lawrence River Valley.
Source Credit: Wampum Chronicles — “Kaniatarowanenneh: River of the Iroquois”
Confidence: MODERATE-HIGH
Note: Needs Indigenous-led confirmation before being treated as final formal spelling.
3. INDIGENOUS-DERIVED / HURON-IROQUOIAN
Original / Term: kanata
Working Translation: Village / settlement
Context: Canadian Heritage states that “Canada” likely comes from the Huron-Iroquois word “kanata,” meaning village or settlement. Cartier used it first for Stadacona-region lands, then the name expanded in European usage.
Source Credit: Government of Canada — Canadian Heritage — “Origin of the name Canada”
Confidence: HIGH
4. FRENCH / CARTIER CONTACT LAYER
Original / Term: Canada
Working Translation: Name carried into French usage from Indigenous speech.
Context: Cartier heard Indigenous guides use “kanata” for a village/settlement route. The French record then expanded the name into a geographic label.
Source Credit: Government of Canada — Canadian Heritage; Canadian Museum of History; Dictionary of Canadian Biography
Confidence: HIGH
5. FRENCH / CARTIER GEOGRAPHIC LAYER
Original / Term: Saint-Laurent
Working Translation: Saint Lawrence
Context: Dictionary of Canadian Biography records that Cartier stopped in a bay he called Saint-Laurent; the name was later extended to the gulf and then the river.
Source Credit: Dictionary of Canadian Biography — Jacques Cartier
Confidence: HIGH
6. ENGLISH / MODERN ARCHAEOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
Original / Term: St. Lawrence Iroquoians
Working Translation: Modern archaeological term for Indigenous village societies along the St. Lawrence before and around Cartier’s period.
Context: Useful but must not be treated as a confirmed self-name.
Source Credit: Canadian Encyclopedia; Parks Canada
Confidence: HIGH WITH TERMINOLOGY CAUTION
7. ENGLISH / ACADEMIC LANGUAGE WARNING
Original / Term: St. Lawrence River Valley
Working Translation: English geographic term for the corridor.
Context: Useful modern geographic wording, but it overlays earlier Indigenous place names and French records.
Source Credit: Akwesasne community history; Canadian archaeological summaries
Confidence: HIGH
8. GAELIC / GLENGARRY LANGUAGE LANE
Original / Term: Gàidhlig
Working Translation: Scottish Gaelic language
Context: Relevant to later Glengarry Highland settlement. Phase 1 only marks the language lane; specific quoted Gaelic local texts require direct archival confirmation.
Source Credit: Michael Newton, “Of Goats and Men: A Literary Relic of Gaelic Ontario”
Confidence: MODERATE-HIGH FOR GAELIC PRESENCE; LOW FOR SPECIFIC LOCAL PHRASE UNTIL QUOTED SOURCE IS VERIFIED
9. GAELIC / CANADIAN LITERARY LANE
Original / Term: Seanchaidh na Coille
Working Translation: Memory-Keeper of the Forest
Context: Title of an anthology of Scottish-Gaelic literature in Canada, useful later for preserving Gaelic-language Canadian texts.
Source Credit: Michael Newton, Cape Breton University Press anthology notice
Confidence: HIGH FOR PUBLISHED CANADIAN GAELIC LITERARY LANE
PHASE 1 REFLECTION
The multilingual evidence map now shows a basic rule:
Canada’s early record is not one language deep.
The same land can appear as:
* Indigenous homeland and river system, * French exploration and mission record, * English archaeological and administrative category, * Gaelic migration memory in later Glengarry settlement.
No layer should erase the others.
NEXT RESEARCH TARGETS
1. Find primary Cartier French text passages. 2. Find primary Champlain French text passages. 3. Find Indigenous-led Akwesasne language/place-name resources. 4. Find early Glengarry Gaelic texts directly tied to Ontario settlement. 5. Build a “do not translate over the original” citation rule.